Parallel official-language review

Place corresponding legal expressions beside one another—with evidence.

LawVM aligns independently derived language-expression states, exposes missing or ambiguous structural counterparts, and routes selected citations, identifiers, dates, symbols, and quantities for review.

For publishers, ministries, and bilingual legal teams

Separate four questions before drawing a conclusion.

Expression state

Each language has its own source, checkpoint, state root, coverage, and residuals. No expression is treated as controlling by default.

Structural pairing

Corresponding chapters, sections, subsections, items, and other units may be exact, one-sided, split/merged, ambiguous, or unpaired.

Parallel QA

Named profiles compare typed facts such as citations, identifiers, dates, symbols, or quantities where the check is appropriate.

Human review

Bilingual legal reviewers disposition candidates, identify legitimate translation shape, and decide what requires institutional action.

Review surface

Neutral text first; findings on demand.

Finnish expression

12 § 1 mom. [independently selected text-state] Source · date · address · state root

Swedish expression

12 § 1 mom. [independently selected text-state] Source · date · address · state root
FI outcome: established / qualified / blocked·SV outcome: established / qualified / blocked·pairing: exact / ambiguous / unpaired·QA: findings / clean-for-profile / not computed
Maximum claim: a clean profile reports agreement across the aligned units and covered fields. Bilingual reviewers decide semantic equivalence, translation quality, and controlling-expression questions.

Current and incoming lanes

Begin with FI/SV; preserve a multi-expression model.

Finland: Finnish and Swedish

The FI/SV lane inventories source pairs, addresses, amendment chains, checkpoints, selected citation facts, and explicit pairing residuals.

Switzerland: German, French, and Italian

The staging Fedlex lane records multilingual Work–Expression–Manifestation relationships and source-completeness accounts for a bounded federal tranche. Replay is not yet claimed.

European Union

Each EU expression group may contain any number of languages; the first viewer can still use a two-pane layout while the underlying account remains multi-language.

Local legal review

The institutional output is a concise queue of exact structural or invariant-fact observations, rather than a noisy word-by-word translation diff.

First bounded pilot

One domain, every required expression.

Inputs

All authoritative language manifestations, amendment sources, checkpoints, effective dates, identifiers, and a bilingual legal reviewer.

Outputs

Expression inventory, structural alignment account, invariant-fact findings, unpaired units, exact provenance, and review dispositions.

Review authority

Bilingual legal reviewers decide semantic equivalence, controlling-language questions, and any action following a comparison result.

First scope

A source-complete transition corpus in one legal domain, with a deliberately narrow and versioned check profile.